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温金玉教授：和谐社会需要和谐的制度支撑 |
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日期:2023/7/12 2:15:00
和谐社会需要和谐的制度支撑 温金玉 提要：真正和谐的社会是一个国家权利与公共权利互动的社会，是实现国家行政管理与公民自我管理的完美统一。所以我们在探讨佛教与构建和谐社会问题时，不仅要从佛教教义本身来挖掘其固有的智慧圆融、慈悲平等、和合宽容的精神，还要从社会与佛教的互动中来寻求和谐的基础。和谐社会的构成不仅需要政策的引导，更需要制度化的保障。 2005年12月21日，国家发展和改革委员会下发了《关于与宗教活动场所有关的游览参观点对宗教人士实行门票优惠问题的通知》，文件的核心是宗教人士进入与宗教活动场所有关的游览参观点，应免收门票。“与宗教活动场所有关的游览参观点”明确界定为本身即是宗教活动场所，或内设有宗教活动场所、进入需购买门票的游览参观点。同时还明确了两类人员进入游览参观点前往宗教活动场所可以免收门票，即游览参观点内宗教活动场所所属的宗教教职人员及其工作人员；与游览参观点内宗教活动场所所属的宗教是同一宗教的宗教教职人员，和举行过入教仪式并持有有效证件(如佛道教在家信徒的居士证、皈依证等)的同一宗教信教群众。在此岁末年初，国家发改委这一《通知》的颁布和实施，无疑是一缕和风，为全国广大信教群众献上了一份新春厚礼。 我们看到改革开放后特别是近几年来，我国的宗教政策不断得以完善并落实，宗教场所得以修缮与恢复，信教群众的宗教生活得到前所未有的满足。党和政府将宗教信仰自由问题提升到政治文明的高度来对待，体现出一份宽容、一种和而不同的气度与胸襟。如果说《宪法》对公民宗教信仰自由的规定是对一种信仰权的确立，那么国家发改委文件就是可闻可见的一种现实落实。文件将普通游客与宗教信众区别开来，对居士证、皈依证等证件的确认，就是对公民信仰身份的尊重与认可，就是在社会公众范围内对其公开性、有效性、合法性的认定。这是尊重和保护公民的宗教信仰自由的权利，是对社会公共精神领域的一种拓展。笔者在一些宗教场所采访时，许多信众兴高采烈地说，过去皈依证只是放置在供桌上或抽屉里，现在却可以与老年证一样用来享受信仰给自己带来的合法权益。可以说，《通知》所标示出的并不是一个收费与免费的经济问题，而是政府对宗教信仰者的一个政治态度。 2、圣辉：《中国佛教协会五十年》，《历届全国佛教代表会议文献汇编》，金陵刻经处印行，第629页 Systems Wen Jinyu Abstract: The National Development and Reform Committee has issued the INFORM on Touring Sights Concerning Religious Activity Giving Special Treatment on Entrance Ticket to Religious People, in which the core spirit is to give free tickets to the religious people when they come to the touring religious sights. The issue of this document has an important actual meaning. Firstly, it is a great attention and respect to the citizens' rights of faith. The Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese government have promoted the freedom of religious belief to and treat it at a political level, showing a harmonious persity. If the Constitution's provision of citizens' religious freedom implies the determination of religious right, this document means an actual implementation. The document distinguishes the religious people from the normal tourists, and confirms the affiliation statuses of religious followers. It is the acceptance and respect of citizen's religious belief and the confirmation of the religious opening, effectiveness and rightfulness in the public of society. Secondly, alleviating the conflict of groups and defending the harmony of society. Because religious places belong to many units, the conflicts resulting from buying tickets becomes more and more, some even change into harsh conflicts. The pilgrimage of religious people is a kind of “coming back home" in religious meaning. The issue of the document is the emphasis on religious people's religious heart and feeling, reflecting the Chinese government has profoundly realized the religion is a mass phenomenon and society existence in the public field.. Thirdly, regulating the management of price and putting an end to the money collection by using Buddhism. The phenomenon of developing economy by taking advantage of religion is serious in some regions. Religion has become a society problem. This phenomenon disturbs the normal religious activity, cheats the religious feeling of the religious people, takes up Buddhism's religious sources, and makes unreal phenomenon of religious belief. The issue of the document will effectively limit the development of the phenomenon.. The real harmony of society means a helping of each other between national right and public right. It is a perfect combination of national management and people's selfmanagement. When discussing the relationships between Buddhism and the construction of a harmonious society, we should not only be aware that the spirit in Buddhismt theory such as wit, harmony, karun, equality, combination and open minded, but also know that the harmonious society needs the guidance of policy as well as the safeguard of the system. |
温金玉教授：中国佛教信仰结构解析